What
is SQL
SQL stands for Structured Query Language. SQL is used to communicate with
a database. According to ANSI (American National Standards Institute), it is
the standard language for relational database management systems.
SQL statements are used to perform tasks such as update data on a
database, or retrieve data from a database.
Some common relational database management systems that use SQL are:
Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, Sybase, Access, Ingres, etc. Although most database systems
use SQL.
However, the standard SQL commands such as "Select",
"Insert", "Update", "Delete", "Create",
and "Drop" can be used to accomplish almost everything that one needs
to do with a database.
Will
discuss later in Detail about;
DCL
(Data Control Language)
DDL
(Data Definition Language)
DML
(Data Manipulation Language).. J
SQL
Server History
Prior to version 7.0 the code base for MS SQL Server was sold by Sybase
SQL Server to Microsoft, and
was Microsoft's entry to the enterprise-level database market, Microsoft,
Sybase and Ashton-Tate originally worked together to create
and market the first version named SQL Server 1.0 for OS/2 (about 1989) which was essentially the
same as Sybase SQL Server 3.0 on Unix, VMS.
Please Read Detail History through
Wikipedia..
“This Chart will give you the Brief History and
Versions Released Details”.
SQL Server
History
|
|||
Version
|
Year
|
Release
Name
|
Codename
|
1.0
(OS/2) |
1989
|
SQL Server 1.0
(16 bit) |
-
|
1.1
(OS/2) |
1991
|
SQL Server 1.1
(16 bit) |
-
|
4.21
(WinNT) |
1993
|
SQL Server 4.21
|
SQLNT
|
6.0
|
1995
|
SQL Server 6.0
|
SQL95
|
6.5
|
1996
|
SQL Server 6.5
|
Hydra
|
7.0
|
1998
|
SQL Server 7.0
|
Sphinx
|
-
|
1999
|
SQL Server 7.0
OLAP Tools |
Palato mania
|
8.0
|
2000
|
SQL Server 2000
|
|
8.0
|
2003
|
SQL Server 2000
64-bit Edition |
|
9.0
|
2005
|
SQL Server 2005
|
|
10.0
|
2008
|
SQL Server 2008
|
Katmai
|
10.25
|
2010
|
SQL Azure DB
|
CloudDatabase
|
10.5
|
2010
|
SQL Server 2008 R2
|
Kilimanjaro (aka KJ)
|
11.0
|
2012
|
SQL Server 2012
|
|
SQL Server 2000, advances have been made in performance, the client IDE tools, and
several complementary systems that are packaged with SQL Server 2005.
These include:
·
OLAP and data mining server (Analysis Services)
·
Messaging
technologies (Service Broker and
Notification Services)
SQL Server 2005, released
in 2005. It Include;
SQL 2005
defined an
xml data type that could be used either as a data type
in database columns or as literals in queries.
·
SQL
Server 2005 added some extensions to the T-SQL language to allow embedding XQuery queries in T-SQL
·
Common Language Runtime (CLR) integration was introduced SQL 2005,
enabling one to write SQL code as Managed Code by the CLR.
·
Error
handling features (try/catch) and support for recursive queries with CTE’s (Common Table Expressions).
·
SQL
Server 2005 got "MARS" (Multiple Active Results Sets), a method of
allowing usage of database connections for multiple purposes.
·
SQL
Server 2005 got DMV’s (Dynamic Management Views), which are specialized views and
functions that return server state information that can be used to monitor the
health of a server instance, diagnose problems, and help in Performance tuning.
·
In SQL Server 2005, Service Pack 1(SP1) introduced Database Mirroring, a high availability option that provides
redundancy and failover capabilities at the database level.
·
SQL
Server 2008 support for structured and semi-structured data, including digital media formats for
pictures, audio, video and other multimedia data.
·
SQL
Server 2008 can be a data storage backend for different varieties of data: XML, email, time/date, file, document,
spatial, etc. as well
as perform search, query, analysis, sharing, and
synchronization across all
data types
·
Better
support for unstructured and semi-structured data is provided using the new FILESTREAM data type,
which can be used to reference any file stored on the file system. Structured
data and metadata about the file is stored in SQL Server database, whereas the
unstructured component is stored in the file system.
·
The Full-text
search functionality has been integrated with the database engine.
According to a Microsoft technical article, this simplifies management and
improves performance.
·
SQL
Server 2008 also makes the databases available via Windows Power Shell providers so that the server and all the running
instances can be managed from Windows Power Shell
SQL Server 2008 R2 released in 2010. It includes;
·
SQL Server 2008
R2 adds certain features to SQL Server 2008 as Master
data management system as Master Data Services,
a central management of master data entities and hierarchies.
·
Multi Server Management, centralized console to manage multiple SQL Server
2008 instances and services including relational databases, Reporting Services,
Analysis Services & Integration Services.
·
It includes Power
Pivot for Excel and SharePoint, Master Data Services,
·
SQL Server
Utility named UC (Utility Control Point), part of AMSM (Application and
Multi-Server Management) that is used to manage multiple SQL Servers.
·
They have
following Service packs;
SQL
Server 2008 R2 SP-1 (10.50.2500, Service Pack 1)
SQL
Server 2008 R2 SP-2 (10.50.4000, Service Pack 2)
SQL Server 2012 Microsoft announced the next
major version of SQL Server 2012. It was released to manufacturing on 2012.SQL
Server 2012 Service Pack 1 was released to manufacturing on November 9, 2012.
SQL
Server 2012's new features and enhancements include;
·
Contained
Databases which simplify the moving of databases between instances, new and
modified Dynamic Management Views and Functions
·
Programmability
enhancements including new spatial features; metadata discovery, sequence objects and the THROW statement, performance enhancements like; Column Store Indexes as well as
improvements to Online and partition
level operations and security enhancements including provisioning during
setup, new permissions, improved role management, and default schema assignment
for groups.
SQL
Server 2014 Upcoming SQL Server
Instance, yet to be released. It Includes;
·
Memory
capabilities built into the core database for OLTP (also known as Hekaton), which complement the existing in-memory data warehousing and BI capabilities
for the most comprehensive in-memory database solution in the market
·
Provides SSD Buffer pool extension, which can
improve application performance transparently.
·
Provides new hybrid disaster recovery and backup
solutions with Windows Azure,
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